Felicity’s Study Tips
Chronic Disease Outline: Type II Diabetes
This post is designed to help
individuals taking the following courses: SCI 162, SCI 220, and SCI 241. This post
could also be used in conjunction with research papers for COM 155 and COM 156. Don’t struggle on the Homework Mountain!
In most health courses students are asked to write a paper
or give a presentation concerning a chronic disease. Typically, these projects
are straightforward and involve minimum amounts of research. The following is
an example of what information will be needed to research a disease. I chose
Diabetes because it is a common problem with tons of research available. I
suggest choosing a topic of this nature because choosing rare forms of chronic
disease can be difficult to research. The following information should get any
research project started.
The Facts
Type II
Diabetes is a dangerous disease that accounts for 95% of diabetes in the United
States. Type II diabetes also referred to as non-insulin-dependent or
adult-onset diabetes is caused by the body becoming incapable of using insulin
properly. When type 2 diabetes is
present, the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the
insulin. The insulin is used by the body for energy. When one eats the food is
broken down into glucose. Therefore the process of creating glucose is halted
or interfered with. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into
cells this causes many risks to the health of the individual.
Type II diabetes is severe risk
factor for heart attacks and strokes. It is the second-leading cause of
blindness and kidney failure. It is also the number one reason that individuals
must undergo amputation of legs.
Individuals
who are at the highest risk of contracting diabetes are sedentary individuals,
people with high fat diets, people with high sugar consumption, and low dietary
fiber contents. Diabetes often sets in as people age and continues living for a
long period with high risk factors such as obesity. The condition
susceptibility can be lowered significantly by altering one’s lifestyle and changing
dietary practices.
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Simply by
eating a low fat and high fiber diet can significantly lower the chances of
contracting diabetes. This coupled with exercise can lower the risk of diabetes
in almost all individuals. In a study of lifestyle factors individuals who had
high levels of exercise, healthy diet, did not smoke, and consumed alcohol in
moderation exhibited an 82% lower rate of diabetes (Mozaffarian et al, 2009).
Outline
I. What is Type II Diabetes?
A. Type II diabetes, also referred to as
non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes, is caused by the body becoming
incapable of using insulin properly.
1. When type 2 diabetes is present, the body does not
produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.
2. The insulin is used by the body for energy. When one
eats, food is broken down into glucose and the process of creating glucose is
halted or interfered with.
3. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into
cells this causes many risks to the health of the individual.
II. What are the causes and risk factors?
A. Individuals who are at the highest risk of contracting
diabetes are sedentary individuals, people with high fat diets, people with
high sugar consumption, and low dietary fiber contents.
1. Diabetes often sets in as people age and continues living
for a long period with high risk factors such as obesity.
2. Type II diabetes is severe risk factor for heart attacks
and strokes.
3. It is the second-leading cause of blindness and kidney
failure and the number one reason that individuals must undergo amputation of
legs.
III. How is it diagnosed?
A. There are two standard test for diabetes which are called
the FPG test and the OGTT test.
1. FPG test is the preferred test for diagnosing diabetes
because of its convenience and low cost, but can miss some diabetes or
pre-diabetes that can be found with the OGTT.
2. Both tests work by checking glucose levels in the body.
3. The OGTT test takes longer and requires fasting for 8
hours.
IV. What are the treatment options?
A. Type II diabetes can be controlled through diet and
exercise.
1. Losing 5 to 7 percent of their body weight through
dietary changes.
2. Increased physical activity.
3. A low-fat, low-calorie diet.
V. What are the prevention options?
A. Simply by eating a low fat and high fiber diet can
significantly lower the chances of contracting diabetes along with exercise.
Diabetes is the fastest growing heath problem in the United
States and has risen about six fold since 1950. It’s now affecting about 17
million Americans and one third of those Americans (5.9 million) don’t even now
they have the disease. Today, not only are
adults being diagnosed with this disease, but it’s also affecting today’s
youth.
Sources for Diabetes
ADA. (2012, July 5). American diabetes association. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/
Mozaffarian D, Kamineni A, Carnethon M, Djoussé L, Mukamal
KJ, Siscovic, D (2009).
"Lifestyle
risk factors and new-onset diabetes mellitus in older adults: the cardiovascular
health
study". Archives of Internal Medicine 169 (8): 798–807.
NCBI. (2012, July 5). Type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001356/
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